Jaringan komputer

Computer network is a system which consists of computers and other network devices that work together to achieve a similar goal. The objective of the network computer is:

* Sharing of resources: for example, share the printer, CPU, memory, hard drive
* Communications: for example, electronic mail, instant messaging, chat
* Access information: for example web browsing

In order to achieve the same goal, each part of the computer network to request and provide services (service). The service is called a client request (client) and provide a service called the waitress (server). This architecture is called client-server system, and is used in almost all computer network applications.

Based on the classification scale:

* Personal Area Network (PAN)
* Campus Area Network (CAN)
* Local Area Network (LAN): a computer network that connects a computer with another computer with a limited distance.
* Metropolitant Area Network (MAN): the principle is the same as the LAN, just wider distance, ie 10-50 km.
* Wide Area Network (WAN): distance between cities, countries, and continents. This is the same with the internet.
* Global Area Network (Gan)
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Based on the function: Basically, each network is the computer that functions as a client and the server. But there is a network that has a special computer that is dedicated as a server while the other as a client. There is also a computer that does not have a specific function as a server only. Therefore, based on a function then there are two types of computer networks:

* Client-server

Computer network that is dedicated to the computer as a specific server. A service / service can be provided by a computer or more. Example is a domain such as www.detik.com many served by the web server computer. Or can also service / services provided by a computer. Examples are jtk.polban.ac.id the server is one computer with multi-service, namely mail server, web server, file server, database server and others.

* Peer-to-peer

That is the computer network where each host can be a server and also a client at the same time. For example in the file sharing between computers on the Windows Network Neighborhood Network have 5 computers (we named A, B, C, D and E) which gives access to the file too. At a time to access a file share called data_nilai.xls of B and also gives access to the file soal_uas.doc C. When accessing a file from B then A and functions as a client when a file to give access to the C function as a server. Both functions are performed simultaneously by the network like this is called peer to peer.

Based on network topology, the network computer can be of:

* Bus topology
* Star topology
* Ring topology
* Mesh topology
* Tree topology
* Topology linier

Based on the criteria, the computer network can be divided into 4, namely:

1. Based on the distribution of sources of information / data

- Network centralized Network consists of klient computer and server computer which functions as a klient intermediaries for access to sources of information / data derived from a single computer server

- Network terdistribusi is a concentrated blend some of the network so that there are several computer servers that are interconnected with klient establish a network system.


2. Based on the geographic reach can be divided into:

- Network LAN is a network that connects 2 computers or more in coverage, such as laboratory, office, and 1 in the cafe.

- Network MAN is a network that covers a large city and its local area. For example the local phone network, mobile phone systems, network and relay some ISP internet.

- Network WAN is a network with coverage throughout the world. For example PT network. Telkom, PT. Indosat, as well as GSM networks such as Cellular Satelindo, Telkomsel, and many more.


3. Based on the role and relationship of each computer in processing data.

- Network Client-Server On this network there are 1 or more server computers and client computers. Computers that will be a computer server and a client computer and changed through the software on the network protokolnya. The client computer as a mediator to be able to access the data on the server computer while the computer server to provide the information required by the client computer.

Networking-Peer-to-peer network is the computer does not have the client and server computer because the computer can do all the delivery and reception of information so that all the computer functions as a client at the same time as the server.


4. Based on the media data transmission

- Berkabel Network (Wired Network) In this network, to connect one computer with another computer needed a cable network operator. Work in the cable network to send information in the form of electrical signals between a computer network.

- Wireless Network (Wireless Network) is a network with a medium wave elektromagnetik. On the network is not required to connect a cable between the computer using the wave elektromagnetik that will send the signal information between the computer network.